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Development Trend of the 21st century architectural design
Ecological building design should have the characteristics of the following areas:

 1. Respect for the design of the landwithin the lot, the environment, and vegetation characteristics,according to local conditions.

 2. Overall, a comprehensive considerationof the design relationship with the external environment within theregion.

 3. Emphasized theharmonious coexistence between man and the environment,inseparable.

 4. The designprocess of multi-disciplinary integrated

 To achieve thesecharacteristics, mainly in the following effective ways to:

 (A) Development of underground space

 Ways to solve the shortage of land, there are two, one to suburban development, will lead to reduction of arable land, destruction of ecological balance, increased urbanization. The second is the development of the high altitude, often leads to increased population density, air pollution is serious, the traffic more congested , development and utilization of underground space with unmatched advantages:

 1. To save land resources, reduce the destruction of the urban soil, reducing the ground housing, transport production and living services, social activities interfere with each other.

 2. Conserve energy, soil hasthe dual effect of insulation and heat storage. According to testunderground construction building can save energy than the ground25 to 80%.

 3. Conducive to the ecologicalbalance, not destruction of vegetation, not occupying farmland,help beautify the environment, clean air, improve themicroclimate.

 4. Dustproof,anti-virus. Underground space without air pollution.

 5. Conducive to storage ofvegetables, fruits, food. Underground environment suitable relativehumidity, to avoid insect and rodent infestation.

 6. Seismicperformance, lower maintenance costs.

 (B) material andenergy recycling

 With advances in technology, human development and utilization of renewable energy has made considerable progress, the various eco-housing, housing a large number of low energy construction. The future of housing construction on the energy use will be mainly in the following two forms:

 1. Of natural energy(solar, wind, etc.) directly using the direct use of technicaldevices such as windmills, solar collector, solar energy, windpower into the source of people's lives.

 2. Indirect use of solar energy - bio-energy cycle in September 1991, the United States Elizondo Arizona desert biosphere program number, eight individuals and more than 3800 species living in a building for 2 years. Indoor miniature swamps, oceans, grasslands, deserts, tropical rain forests and other ecosystems, air, water, nutrients cycle in which to get the experience of bio-energy cycle, biomass cycle of simple three-dimensional cultivation, through greening can beautify the environment, the use of space, increase production, while thermal insulation can play water, clean air, regulate indoor climate effects.

 (C) to green design

 Green Cities and the buildingis an important means to improve the ecological environment, greenplants and sometimes oxygen, air purification, sterilization, airconditioning and other effects. Mental function alsohas first-class. To improve the environment, green cover, increase the green area, it also can be three-dimensional development, and would like to expand the air to take green roof, windows, walls and other means of vertical greening, Japan's "symbiotic housing and the environment" in the. Roof planted with Verbena plants and vegetables, while improving the greening rate, strengthen the construction of the insulation. Effectively prevent the heat radiation, improve the indoor environment in summer, the balcony vertical greening. Atrium also decorated with a bio-climatic to regulate indoor climate.

 (D) theestablishment of the natural environment, protection of ecologicalbalance

 Stan force in 1935 proposed "ecosystem" concept, he thought the people organism's basic view, can not separate the organisms and their environment, in nature, interaction between biological systems and environmental systems constitute a natural whole, is " eco-system. " Natural ecosystems and habitats by the biological complexity of the composition of the overall system, natural ecosystems and functions of a certain result, and further development in the system, various biological factors and environmental factors within the law by certain interrelated. Cause of the ecological balance of environment protection is not possible, although the protection of ecological environment and natural resources practice poets must observe, however, is to take advantage of the protection, rational use of natural environment and resources can be achieved to protect the ecological environment, maintain ecological balance objectives.

 (E) intelligent building

 Since the 80s of the20th century, electronic technology is highly developed, the rapiddevelopment of communication technologies, information highwayopened to intelligent building came into being, people's dreamsbecome a reality.

 Intelligent building is the modern high-tech --- intelligent computer's multimedia communications, intelligence security, environmental monitoring technology and the integration of architecture together, through the automatic monitoring equipment, information resources and information to users Optimization services and construction, people were investing a reasonable need for the information society, and have safe, efficient, comfortable, convenient, flexible building space.

 Popular speaking, intelligent building isa creative environment. In the intelligentbuilding, people can get:

 (1) safety, health, energy saving, comfortable and pleasant, can enhance the quality of work and living environment, temperature, humidity, illumination can be automatically adjusted, and the environment color, taste and background noise can be arbitrary and try to use natural light, cold, heat , air, etc., automatically adjust the indoor environment and minimize energy consumption and create a more humane environment for the survival behavior.

 (2) different users to different environmental requirements, open the large span and large space structures, allowing support for rapid and easy to change the use of the building function.

 (3) modern means of communication and working conditions, in the intelligent building, the people can live through international telephone, video phone, e-mail, voice mail, video conferencing, information retrieval and other means to access the global intelligence information to an unprecedented The speed with people around the world to conduct business activities.

 The future of the new century is a focuson ecology, environmental protection, the pursuit of coordinateddevelopment of human and natural sciences as a wholesociety. Extensive industrial production of traditional urban and natural result of environmental pollution, ecological degradation of the negative impact is gradually curbed.'s Future industrial production must increase in eco-environmental protection efforts, progress in science and technology strength, advanced technical measures to achieve not only ensure the production, but also has self-cleaning ability, eliminate waste, waste, hazardous chemical substances in urban air water, soil, bio-caused environmental pollution, while industrial production as much as possible use waste heat, for the reusable achieve recycling waste, reducing energy and resource consumption. one of the environmental protection measures such as clean recovery, air-conditioned clean facilities, adoption of thermal equipment.
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